ГИА

экзамен 2013
грамматика и лексика (B4-B12)

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Диагностическая работа октябрь 2013 г.
чтение 2 (вариант 2)

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The Eiffel Tower

Tourists visiting Paris never miss its main landmark, the Eiffel Tower. The most visited monument in the world, the tower took its name after its creator, Gustave Eiffel, a talented engineer and architect. He was born in Dijon, France in 1832. His mother owned a coal business and was quite an influential figure. Due to her money, but not only, Eiffel got a very good education. In 1855 he graduated from the College of Art and Manufacturing in Paris. After graduation, Eiffel specialized in metal construction, most notably bridges. After he had gained experience, he set up his own company and designed several bridges in France and Portugal. His railway bridges were really impressive – they were cleverly designed and contributed a lot to the development of the railroads and their safety.
As his career advanced, Eiffel moved away from bridgework. In 1879 he created the dome for the astronomical observatory in Nice, France. Soon Eiffel was offered a job as an engineer for the Statue of Liberty construction. The project had been started by another famous engineer, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, who unexpectedly died in 1879. Eiffel created a new support system for the statue, developed its iron construction, and successfully completed the project. The Statue of Liberty was first constructed in Paris to make sure there were no faults. Then it was taken to pieces and delivered to America as a gift from the French nation.
Gustave Eiffel had a brilliant portfolio of outstanding constructions, however, he is best known for the Eiffel Tower. Located in Paris, it became the symbol of the city that inspires love and romance.
The Eiffel Tower was built for the Universal Exhibition of 1889. It remained the highest construction for forty years. To get to the top, visitors can either use the staircase or go by the elevator. Naturally, there are many adventurers who try to get to the top without any elevator. Mind that the number of the steps from the ground level to the platform on the top is 1710!
The tower of 324 metres high was constructed in record time – in 2 years, 2 months and 5 days. Surprisingly, when it was built, it was not well-received by the French. They considered it vulgar and extreme and said it spoiled the romantic image of the city. It should also be mentioned that at first the Eiffel Tower was meant as a temporary structure – it was scheduled to be turned down in 1909.
Luckily, it never happened. People all over the world fell in love with the tower that provides a bird's eye view of the city.

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